![]() Ferguson constitutionally sanctioned “Jim Crow” or separate-but-equal policies. The share-cropping system replaced slavery. The 1896 Supreme Court decision on Plessy v. 1 After that period, the Navy reduced recruitment overall which decreased the number of blacks in the service. In the second half of the 19th century, the Navy adopted recruitment policies that were consistent with the racism, discrimination, and separation of the races practiced by law and custom in American society. The Klu Klux Klan and other racist individuals and groups terrorized and killed blacks and destroyed their property at will with no fear of being arrested. Southern communities implemented the black codes to “keep blacks in their place,” i.e., preventing more than three African Americans from congregating in public and giving them additional requirements to vote. The Navy was racially integrated through 1865. Blacks served on the 700 ships in the Union Navy and eight of them received the Congressional Medal of Honor. (NOTE: The terms “African Americans” and “blacks” are used interchangeably.)
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